Formal Aspects of Computing · 1994 · 1.3K citations · 36 references
Abstract We present a logic for stating properties such as, “after a request for service there is at least a 98% probability that the service will be carried out within 2 seconds”. The logic extends the temporal logic CTL by Emerson, Clarke and Sistla with time and probabilities. Formulas are interpreted over discrete time Markov chains. We give algorithms for checking that a given Markov chain satisfies a formula in the logic. The algorithms require a polynomial number of arithmetic operations, in size of both the formula and the Markov chain. A simple example is included to illustrate the algorithms.
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Performance Analysis Using Stochastic Petri Nets
Molloy · IEEE Transactions on Computers · 1982 · 1.1K citations
Model-checking for real-time systems
Rajeev Alur, Costas Courcoubetis, David L. Dill · 2002 · 890 citations
The temporal semantics of concurrent programs
Amir Pnueli · Theoretical Computer Science · 1981 · 700 citations