Identification of the antibacterial component of an ethanolic extract of the Australian medicinal plant, <i>Eremophila duttonii</i>

Abstract

Activity-guided fractionation was used to determine the antibacterial component of an ethanolic extract of the leaves of an Australian native medicinal plant, Eremophila duttonii F. Muell. (Myoporaceae). The extract, previously shown to have activity against Gram positive bacteria, was shown to have activity against additional Gram positive bacteria, including Clostridium perfringens, C. sporogenes and Listeria monocytogenes. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was used to separate the extract into seven coloured fractions in visible light, one of which was shown by bioautography to contain antibacterial activity. Recovery of the component from the TLC plate and testing for antibacterial activity using a plate-hole diffusion assay supported this result. The purity of the component was verified by high-performance liquid chromatography and a time-kill experiment indicated that the purified component showed identical bactericidal activity to the whole extract. TLC spray reagents indicated that the component was a sterol, terpene or sugar but not a flavonoid, while the pigmented nature suggested a carotenoid.