Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography versus peroral cholangioscopy to evaluate intraepithelial tumor spread in biliary cancer

Abstract

The presence of extensive ITS was correctly detected in 80 % of cases by ERC alone. POCS with mapping biopsy provided perfect diagnostic accuracy not only of the presence or absence but also of the extent of extensive ITS. However, POCS has the limitation that the cholangioscope cannot be passed through the tumor sites in approximately 15 % of cases.