How Do Simple Positive Activities Increase Well-Being?

Sonja Lyubomirsky, Kristin Layous

Current Directions in Psychological Science · 2013 · 1.2K citations · 36 references

Concepts

TL;DR

Theory and research indicate that simple intentional positive activities such as gratitude or kindness can boost happiness, and recent studies are exploring the optimal conditions and mechanisms underlying these effects. The authors propose a positive‑activity model in which dosage, variety, motivation, effort, and person‑activity fit moderate the impact of activities on well‑being, mediated by positive emotions, thoughts, behaviors, and need satisfaction. Empirical data support the model, and the study outlines future research directions.

Abstract

Theory and research suggest that people can increase their happiness through simple intentional positive activities, such as expressing gratitude or practicing kindness. Investigators have recently begun to study the optimal conditions under which positive activities increase happiness and the mechanisms by which these effects work. According to our positive-activity model, features of positive activities (e.g., their dosage and variety), features of persons (e.g., their motivation and effort), and person-activity fit moderate the effect of positive activities on well-being. Furthermore, the model posits four mediating variables: positive emotions, positive thoughts, positive behaviors, and need satisfaction. Empirical evidence supporting the model and future directions are discussed.

References

36