Spine · 1998 · 119 citations · 41 references
The action of the intersegmental agonist and antagonist muscles biomechanically increases the overall stiffness (stability) of the intervertebral joints in axial torque and lateral bending, whereas it may destabilize the segment in flexion.
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Three-Dimensional Movements of the Whole Lumbar Spine and Lumbosacral Joint
Isao Yamamoto, Manohar M. Panjabi, T. Crisco et al. · Spine · 1989 · 629 citations
Stability Increase of the Lumbar Spine With Different Muscle Groups
Hans‐Joachim Wilke, Steffen Wolf, L. Claes et al. · Spine · 1995 · 558 citations