Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of Single-Dose Intranasal Hydromorphone Hydrochloride in Healthy Volunteers

Abstract

Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability were determined for two doses of intranasal hydromorphone in healthy volunteers. Rapid, reliable absorption, and predictable pharmacokinetics support the investigation of hydromorphone hydrochloride nasal spray as a therapeutic alternative to oral and IM administration.