Dynamic EMG analysis of anterior cruciate deficient legs with and without bracing during cutting

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to determine if bracing altered muscle firing amplitude, duration, or timing, creating improved dynamic stability. We hypothesized that a derotational knee brace improved the stability of an ACL deficient knee by augmenting limb proprioception, causing hamstring muscles to increase in activity and/or to contract earlier during a side-step cut. Ten subjects with documented unilateral isolated ACL deficient knees and five normal controls participated. A strap dominant brace (Lenox Hill, Lenox Hill Brace, Inc., Long Island City, NY) and a shell dominant brace (CTi, Innovation Sports, Irvine, CA) were selected for study. Using footswitches and dynamic EMG, we tested each subject during performance of a side-step cutting maneuver. Subjects completed 15 trials: 5 without bracing, 5 with the strap dominant brace, and 5 with the shell dominant brace. Normals cut 10 times each on their dominant limb. In swing phase, subjects had 38% more and 32% higher lateral hamstring EMG activity than normals; in stance phase, subjects had less quadriceps and gastrocnemius activity but more medial hamstring activity. When braced during stance phase, the ACL deficient legs demonstrated a further reduction of 18% in quadriceps total activity and 14% in peak activity compared to the unbraced situation. The hamstrings showed a concomitant decrease of 18% in total activity. No timing differences were noted between the braced and unbraced conditions during swing or stance phase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)