Kinematics of Cervical Total Disc Replacement Adjacent to a Two-Level, Straight Versus Lordotic Fusion

Abstract

TDR placed adjacent to a two-level fusion is subjected to a more challenging biomechanical environment as compared to a stand-alone TDR. An artificial disc used in such a clinical scenario should be able to accommodate the increased moment loads without causing impingement of its endplates or undue wear during the expected life of the prosthesis.