Effects of interrupted wet periods and different temperatures on the development of ascochyta blight caused by <i>Mycosphaerella pinodes</i> on pea ( <i>Pisum sativum</i> ) seedlings

Abstract

The effect of interrupted wet periods on pycnidiospores of Mycosphaerella pinodes was studied by assessing spore viability, infection and disease development on pea seedlings. Pycnidiospores survived dry periods of up to 21 days after inoculation. Rewetting restored the infection capacity of the pycnidiospore, resulting in high levels of disease. The effects of wet–dry–wet cycles depended on when the dry period occurred during the infection process. No disease symptoms appeared when dry periods occurred during germination. A low level of disease occurred after rewetting in high relative humidity if the interruption of the wet period was long. However, a wet period resulting in leaf wetness after a dry period gave similar levels of infection to those achieved with a continuous wet period. Pycnidiospores formed appressoria but hyphae did not penetrate if a 6–12 h wet period preceded the dry period, and only a few flecks appeared during the dry period. Coalescent necrosis occurred when the dry period followed penetration. The disease was severe in each case when plants were returned to wet conditions after a period of dryness. Lesion development depended on the duration of the initial wet period, and the characteristics (temperature and duration) of both the dry period and the final wet period.