International Journal of Sports Medicine · 1987 · 130 citations · 0 references
EducationKinesiologyBiomechanicsHuman PerformanceMovement AnalysisBiomechanical AnalysisBiomechanics Of Athletic MovementHuman Movement MechanicsRunning BiomechanicsSports BiomechanicsFoot - Ground InteractionGround Reaction ForcesLower Extremity BiomechanicsLower Extremity StrengthMuscle Activation PatternsRoad Running BiomechanicsShoe InteractionVelocity
Man‑shoe‑surface interaction during running is a complex phenomenon that imposes specific measurement requirements. The study aims to develop a methodology for measuring the interaction between man and shoe under normal heel‑running conditions on both a force plate and an asphalt road, with the goal of enabling a more comprehensive analysis of locomotion. The authors employed a 12‑m force‑plate array and repeated runs at 3 m s⁻¹ and 5 m s⁻¹ to collect 10–30 Fz and Fx curves, used heel and toe sensors on shoes for additional road‑running cycles, and applied telemetered EMG to assess lower‑extremity muscle responses to varying shoe and velocity conditions. Results show that ground‑reaction forces are more influenced by running velocity than shoe hardness, and that EMG patterns are muscle‑specific, with major leg extensors altering activation across different impact loads.
Man-shoe-surface interaction in running is a complex phenomenon, and its investigation gives specific requirements for the measuring system. This study was designed to make an effort to develop a methodology for measuring the interaction between the first two components (man and shoe) under normal heel running conditions both on the force plate and on an asphalt road. The force plate system consisted of a series of 1.5-m long plates with a total length of 12 m. This allowed recordings of several natural ground contact phases in one run. By repeating the runs several times at constant velocity (3 m × s-1 and 5 m × s-1), altogether 10-30 Fz and Fx force curves could be obtained for further computerized averaging. The running shoes were equipped with special heel and toe contact sensors, which were used for recordings of even more cycles at constant velocity on the road running conditions. Telemetered EMG technique was employed to examine the response of the selected lower extremity muscles on the varying shoe and running velocity conditions. The results indicated preliminarily that the changes in ground reaction forces were more velocity than shoe (hard/soft) dependent and that EMG activation patterns were muscle specific with regard to preinnervation and impact and push-off phases for the gastrocnemius, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, and tibialis anterior muscles. Although the actual measurements were not yet designed for comprehensive recording of each parameter, the results obtained suggest that the major leg extensor muscles change their activation patterns with the varying impact load conditions. It is expected that the presented methodological approach would provide possibilities for a more comprehensive approach for the study of man-shoe-surface interaction during locomotion.