Threshold accepting: A general purpose optimization algorithm appearing superior to simulated annealing

Optimization by Simulated Annealing

Scott Kirkpatrick, C. D. Gelatt, M.P. Vecchi · Science · 1983 · 44K citations

Numerical Analysis, Large-scale Global Optimization, Computational Science +15

Equation of State Calculations by Fast Computing Machines

N. Metropolis, Arianna W. Rosenbluth, M. N. Rosenbluth et al. · The Journal of Chemical Physics · 1953 · 36.5K citations

Numerical Analysis, Engineering, Material Simulation +22

An Effective Heuristic Algorithm for the Traveling-Salesman Problem

Simon Lin, Brian W. Kernighan · Operations Research · 1973 · 3.8K citations

Mathematical Programming, Heuristic Search, Effective Heuristic Algorithm +13

Computer Solutions of the Traveling Salesman Problem

Shen Lin · Bell System Technical Journal · 1965 · 2K citations

Mathematical Programming, Engineering, Computational Complexity +17

Evolution algorithms in combinatorial optimization

Heinz Mühlenbein, M. Gorges-Schleuter, Oliver Krämer · Parallel Computing · 1988 · 394 citations

Evolution Strategy, Engineering, Evolution Algorithms +5