Environmental Science & Technology · 2007 · 451 citations · 16 references
Public HealthEnvironmental EngineeringEnvironmental SciencesAir PollutionAtmospheric ChemistryCombustionAir Pollutant EmissionsAir PollutantsAir QualityAtmospheric Trace GasesBiomass Burning EmissionsParticulate MatterAgricultural Residue Burning EmissionsAgricultural ResiduesAirborne Particulate EmissionsEmission FactorsGaseous EmissionsOpen Biomass BurningParticulate EmissionsParticulate Matter Emissions
Field measurements were conducted to determine particulate emissions and trace gas emissions, including CO2, CO, CH4, NMHCs, NOx, NH3, N2O, and SO2, from open burning of wheat straw and maize stover, two major agricultural residues in China. The headfire ignition technique was adopted, and sampling was performed downwind from the agricultural fire. Particulate matter (PM) and gas emission factors were determined using the carbon mass-balance method. Particle mass size distributions show a prominent accumulation mode peak at 0.26-0.38 microm. Submicron particles dominate PM emissions. Most measured chemical species measured show a similar size distribution as PM. Chemical composition analysis indicates that PM2.5 is largely composed of carbon, K, and Cl. PM2.5 emission factors of wheat straw and maize stover are 7.6 +/- 4.1 g/kg and 11.7 +/- 1.0 g/kg, respectively, It also indicates that 12.1-24.2% of N in biomass is released as nitrogen-based trace gases and 11.0-24.9% of fuel S is emitted as SO2.
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Biomass burning and global change
Joel S. Levine, Wesley R. Cofer, Donald R. Cahoon et al. · AIP conference proceedings · 1992 · 646 citations