Heat Transfer Intensification Using Nanofluids

TLDR

This paper reviews recent work on heat transfer in nanofluids, dilute liquid suspensions of nanoparticles. The study examines conduction, natural and forced convection, and nucleate boiling heat transfer in nanofluids. Results show that nanoparticles improve static conduction but reduce natural convection with higher concentration, yield mixed effects in forced convection linked to particle migration, and enhance nucleate boiling—especially for TiO₂—yet further development is needed to tailor nanofluids for specific applications.

Abstract

This paper summarises some of our recent work on the heat transfer of nanofluids (dilute liquid suspensions of nanoparticles). It covers heat conduction, convective heat transfer under both natural and forced flow conditions, and boiling heat transfer in the nucleate regime. The results show that, despite considerable data scattering, the presence of nanoparticles enhances thermal conduction under macroscopically static conditions mainly due to nanoparticle structuring/networking. The natural convective heat transfer coefficient is observed to decrease systematically with increasing nanoparticle concentration, and the deterioration is partially attributed to the high viscosity of nanofluids. However, either enhancement or deterioration of convective heat transfer is observed under the forced flow conditions and particle migration is suggested to be an important mechanism. The results also show that the boiling heat transfer is enhanced in the nucleate regime for both alumina and titania nanofluids, and the enhancement is more sensitive to the concentration change for TiO2 nanofluids. It is concluded that there is still some way to go before we can tailor-make nanofluids for any targeted applications.