Force Attractor in Confined Comminution of Granular Materials

Abstract

We reveal a novel attractor in the space of contact forces that bounds the behavior of granular materials during confined comminution. The attractor is reached asymptotically as the porosity reduces and the grain size distribution attains an ultimate power law scaling. The ultimate distribution of the contact forces follows a clear log-normal distribution, distinctively different from previous observations in uncrushable systems. Supporting evidence comes both from comprehensive discrete element simulations and a theoretical Apollonian model.