Highly efficient upconverters for multiphoton fluorescence microscopy

Abstract

A new generation of efficient two‐photon absorbing fluorescent molecules has been developed and used effectively for two‐photon laser scanning microscopy. Several examples of the use of these new fluorophores have been presented. In addition, issues relating to the two‐photon absorption cross‐section, excitation power, sample properties and resolution in two‐photon laser scanning microscopy are discussed.