Reviews of Physics in Technology · 1970 · 616 citations · 28 references
Natural SciencesMaterials EngineeringMaterials ScienceMaterials CharacterizationMaterials PhysicsMechanical Behavior Of MaterialsDuctilityFracture MechanicsIndentation PropertiesPlastic DeformationPlasticitySurface HardnessBrittle FailureBrittle Fracture BehaviorBrittle Fracture TheoryDuctile FailureFracture Initiation In Ductile MaterialsHardnessHardness TestingMohs Hardness Scale
Brittle solids experience high hydrostatic pressures during deformation that can suppress brittle fracture. The review examines the fundamental physical interpretation of hardness. Indentation and scratch hardness of ductile and brittle solids primarily reflect plastic properties, providing a physical basis for the Mohs scale.
This review is concerned with the basic physical meaning of hardness. It is shown that indentation hardness of ductile materials is essentially a measure of their plastic properties. With brittle solids the high hydrostatic pressures around the deformed region are often sufficient to inhibit brittle fracture. Under these conditions both indentation and scratch hardness are essentially a measure of the plastic rather than the brittle properties of the solid. This provides a simple physical basis for the Mohs scratch hardness scale
28
The Friction and Lubrication of Solids
Frank Philip Bowden, D. Tabor, Frederic Palmer · American Journal of Physics · 1951 · 5.9K citations