Pneumothorax induced by radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma beneath the diaphragm under real-time computed tomography-fluoroscopic guidance

Abstract

Pneumothorax occurred frequently after TPRF ablation for HCC. The main risk factors for pneumothorax after TPRF ablation for HCC were increased length of needle trajectory through the aerated lung and multiple transpulmonary approaches in one session. Even if pneumothorax occurred, pneumothorax disappeared spontaneously or with simple treatment such as manual aspiration in most cases.