Adiabatic condition and quantum geometric potential

Abstract

In this paper, we present a $\text{U}(1)$-invariant expansion theory of the adiabatic process. As its application, we propose and discuss different sufficient adiabatic approximation conditions. In these conditions, we find an interesting invariant quantity referred to as the quantum geometric potential (QGP) contained in all time-dependent processes. Furthermore, we also give detailed discussion and analysis on the properties and effects of QGP.