Musculoskeletal ultrasound: technical guidelines

Abstract

Ultrasound is the most rapidly developing technique in musculoskeletal imaging.Continuing technological advances have broadened its application, such that it may now replace MR imaging in many specific clinical settings.The main drawbacks of musculoskeletal ultrasound remain a strong operator dependence and the lack of standardized scanning protocols.To overcome this limitation, the European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology (ESSR) has issued technical standards for ultrasound examination of joints, including the shoulder, the elbow, the wrist, the hip, the knee and the ankle.These guidelines have been obtained by consensus of a large number of experts throughout Europe and reflect what the ESSR considers essential scanning protocols for a complete high-quality ultrasound examination in each joint.Musculoskeletal radiologists who perform ultrasound are expected to follow these guidelines while recognizing that variations will be required in some cases, depending on patients' needs and available equipment.We believe these standards will improve education and practise among radiologists and establish the use of ultrasound as a diagnostic modality of the musculoskeletal system.Such guidelines are not intended, however, to establish a legal standard of care.