Epicardial right atrial free wall mapping in chronic atrial fibrillation: Documentation of repetitive activation with a focal spread--a hitherto unrecognised phenomenon in man

Abstract

During chronic atrial fibrillation in man, right atrial free wall activation ranges from disorganised activation with multiple co-existing activation waves to predominantly organised activation characterized by either uniform activation consistent with the presence of large re-entry circuits or repetitive activation of unknown mechanism and focal spread.