Identification of a Novel Polyomavirus from Patients with Acute Respiratory Tract Infections

TLDR

The study reports the identification of a novel polyomavirus in respiratory secretions from patients with acute respiratory tract infection. The authors generated a random nucleic‑acid library from a nasopharyngeal aspirate, performed high‑throughput DNA sequencing, cloned and sequenced the full 5,229‑bp genome, and screened 2,135 respiratory samples with virus‑specific PCR primers. The 5,229‑bp WU virus encodes typical polyomavirus proteins, is phylogenetically distinct from known polyomaviruses, and was found in 43 additional specimens from Australia and the United States, suggesting geographic spread and potential pathogenicity.

Abstract

We report the identification of a novel polyomavirus present in respiratory secretions from human patients with symptoms of acute respiratory tract infection. The virus was initially detected in a nasopharyngeal aspirate from a 3-year-old child from Australia diagnosed with pneumonia. A random library was generated from nucleic acids extracted from the nasopharyngeal aspirate and analyzed by high throughput DNA sequencing. Multiple DNA fragments were cloned that possessed limited homology to known polyomaviruses. We subsequently sequenced the entire virus genome of 5,229 bp, henceforth referred to as WU virus, and found it to have genomic features characteristic of the family Polyomaviridae. The genome was predicted to encode small T antigen, large T antigen, and three capsid proteins: VP1, VP2, and VP3. Phylogenetic analysis clearly revealed that the WU virus was divergent from all known polyomaviruses. Screening of 2,135 patients with acute respiratory tract infections in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, and St. Louis, Missouri, United States, using WU virus–specific PCR primers resulted in the detection of 43 additional specimens that contained WU virus. The presence of multiple instances of the virus in two continents suggests that this virus is geographically widespread in the human population and raises the possibility that the WU virus may be a human pathogen.