Journal of Applied Polymer Science · 1979 · 56 citations · 11 references
EngineeringChemical EngineeringMaterials EngineeringMembrane SciencePolymer ChemistryPolymer EngineeringMembrane EngineeringMembrane FabricationMembrane MaterialsMembrane PermeabilityPolymer MembranesPolymeric MembranesAdditive Effects In Casting SolutionsCellulose Acetate MembranesCoagulationDesalination MembranesPolyamidePolyamide MembranesReverse Osmosis MembranesSolute Rejection Mechanisms
Abstract Salts contained in aromatic polyamide solutions were found to have a considerable effect on the performance and structure of reverse osmosis membrannes cast from these solutions. As in cellulose acetate membranes, certain salts greatly increase membrane fluxes without a detrimental effect on rejection. Highly dissociated salts such as LiClO 4 or Mg(ClO 4 ) 2 exert a stronger influence than the commonly used LiCl. With mixtures of different salts, stronger effects may be obtained than with a single additive. Many experimental facts indicate that the “salt effect” in aromatic polyamide membranes is due to a general effect on solvent activity and thus on the kinetics and equilibria associated with evaporation and coagulation process.
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The Nature of Asymmetry in Reverse Osmosis Membranes
M. Panar, Harvey H. Hoehn, Remy Hebert · Macromolecules · 1973 · 98 citations
The mechanism for formation of “skinned” membranes
M.A. Frommer, Irene V. J. Feiner, O. Kedem et al. · Desalination · 1970 · 73 citations
Natural Sciences, Materials Engineering, Materials Science +10