Photochemistry and Photobiology · 1983 · 10 citations · 15 references
Chemical EngineeringEngineeringOther Experimental ParametersMethanolAbstract— Methyl ViologenVitrificationOrganic ChemistryAnalytical ChemistryPhysical ChemistryMethyl Viologen AggregationTimes 10ChemistryMolecular AggregateSolution (Chemistry)Host-guest Chemistry
Abstract— Methyl viologen (paraquat, l,l'‐dimethyl‐4, 4'‐bipyridinium dichloride) has been observed to start forming aggregates in methanol at 2.5 times 10 ‐3 M, and in aqueous solutions at about 10 ‐2 M depending on other experimental parameters. The number of molecules per aggregate is 2–3 for concentrations < 0.1 M.
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Jaime Farrington, M. Ebert, E. J. Land et al. · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics · 1973 · 527 citations
Radical (Chemistry), Organic Chemistry, Bipyridylium Quaternary Salts +4