Applied Physics Letters · 2012 · 376 citations · 13 references
EngineeringWearable TechnologyNonlinear Piezoelectric DevicesPacemaker BatteryPiezoelectric MaterialPulse PowerElectrical EngineeringEnergy HarvestingNonlinear Energy HarvestersHeart RateMechanical BatteriesEnergy StoragePiezoelectricityEnergy ManagementPiezoelectric NanogeneratorsBioelectronicsMechanical SystemsElectrophysiologyHeartbeat VibrationsVibration Control
Pacemaker batteries have very low power requirements. The study introduces linear and nonlinear piezoelectric devices that continuously recharge pacemaker batteries by converting heartbeat vibrations into electrical energy. The authors design linear low‑frequency and nonlinear mono‑stable and bi‑stable piezoelectric harvesters tailored to the signature of heart vibrations to achieve this energy conversion. The harvesters are robust to heart‑rate variations and can meet pacemaker power needs, potentially eliminating the need for battery‑replacement surgeries after a few years.
Linear and nonlinear piezoelectric devices are introduced to continuously recharge the batteries of the pacemakers by converting the vibrations from the heartbeats to electrical energy. The power requirement of a pacemaker is very low. However, after few years, patients require another surgical operation just to replace their pacemaker battery. Linear low frequency and nonlinear mono-stable and bi-stable energy harvesters are designed according to the especial signature of heart vibrations. The proposed energy harvesters are robust to variation of heart rate and can meet the power requirement of pacemakers.
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Francesco Cottone, H. Vocca, L. Gammaitoni · Physical Review Letters · 2009 · 1.2K citations · Full text
Piezoelectric Ribbons Printed onto Rubber for Flexible Energy Conversion
Yi Qi, Noah T. Jafferis, Kenneth P. Lyons et al. · Nano Letters · 2010 · 490 citations