Mercury Free Determination of Lead by Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry onto Silver-Plated Rotograved Carbon Electrodes

Abstract

Single-use carbon electrodes, prepared by the rotogravure printing process, serve as a substrate for the nucleation and subsequent growth of silver nuclei. The resulting silver phase permits the underpotential deposition of lead. Associated with a thin layer flow cell, ppb quantities of lead were determined by anodic stripping voltammetry with a satisfactory reproducibility. A lead detection limit of 1 ppb was achieved for an entire experiment time of 120 s without removal of oxygen.