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Sprayed intraperitoneal bupivacaine reduces early postoperative pain behavior and biochemical stress response after laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy in dogs

Sprayed Intraperitoneal BupivacaineHealth SciencesPain MedicinePostoperative Pain BehaviorPostoperative Pain ManagementPerioperative PainPreoperative PainBiochemical Stress ResponsePain ManagementSurgeryAnesthesiaMedicineAnesthesiologyPain Research