<i>Bidens pilosa</i> suppresses interleukin‐1β‐induced cyclooxygenase‐2 expression through the inhibition of mitogen activated protein kinases phosphorylation in normal human dermal fibroblasts

Abstract

Bidens pilosa (BP) Linn. var. radiata is a plant used in traditional folk medicine. It is clinically effective in various diseases; the pathogenesis of most of these involves cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. To investigate the mechanism on which the clinical effectiveness of BP is based, we examined its effects on COX-2 expression and its major product, prostaglandin (PG)E(2), under conditions of inflammation. We induced inflammation in normal human dermal fibroblasts with interleukin (IL)-1beta and examined the effects of BP on COX-2 expression and PGE(2) production using Western blotting and competitive enzyme immunoassay, respectively. The functional involvements of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) ERK1/2, p38, and JNK in COX-2 expression were also examined by Western blotting. IL-1beta-induced COX-2 expression was regulated by MAPK pathways, especially by p38. BP inhibited the phosphorylation of MAPKs, COX-2 expression, and subsequent PGE(2) production. The physiological activities and clinical effectiveness of BP observed under diverse conditions may be partly attributable to its ability to inhibit MAPK, mainly p38, activity, COX-2 expression, and subsequent PGE(2) production.