High temperature affects olive fruit fly populations in California's Central Valley

Abstract

Olive fruit fly commonly infests olives in California's Central Valley. Field studies indicate that trap counts for olive fruit fly adults in pesticide-free sites decrease in mid-and late summer and then rebound from September to November. Part of this decline is associated with heat stress that the flies experience in mid-July and August. Studies have shown that adult flies will die within a few days if they cannot access adequate amounts of water and carbohydrates. Flight ability is dramatically reduced when resources are unavailable. Olive fruit fly adults may use black scale honeydew as a carbohydrate source to help them survive hot periods. Heat also affects the fly's reproduction and immature stages within olive fruit. Geographic information system (GIS) maps may be useful for predicting the risk of olive fruit fly infestation.