Journal of the American Statistical Association · 1952 · 3K citations · 8 references
Natural SciencesBiostatisticsMathematicsExperimental DesignProbability TheoryStatisticsInferential StatisticsResampling MethodsSampling MethodsSampling TechniquesSampling TheoryStatistical InferenceRandom SamplingSampling With ReplacementSampling Without ReplacementStatistical Sampling DesignUnequal Probability Sampling
Abstract This paper presents a general technique for the treatment of samples drawn without replacement from finite universes when unequal selection probabilities are used. Two sampling schemes are discussed in connection with the problem of determining optimum selection probabilities according to the information available in a supplementary variable. Admittedly, these two schemes have limited application. They should prove useful, however, for the first stage of sampling with multi-stage designs, since both permit unbiased estimation of the sampling variance without resorting to additional assumptions.
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On the Theory of Systematic Sampling, II
William G. Madow · The Annals of Mathematical Statistics · 1949 · 286 citations · Full text