Nonlinear resonant oscillations in open tubes

Abstract

A gas in a tube, one end of which is open, is driven by a periodic applied velocity or pressure at or near a resonant frequency. Damping is introduced into the system by radiation of energy through the open end. It is shown that shocks are possible at an open end and that there is a critical level of damping which ensures a continuous gas response for all frequencies. At the critical level the amplitude of the response is O (ε 1/3 ), where ε is the amplitude of the input, and it is bounded by the amplitude predicted by linear theory. There is agreement with the qualitative experimental results available.