Nephropathy, but not retinopathy, is associated with the development of heart disease in Type 1 diabetes: a 12‐year observation study of 462 patients

Abstract

This study shows a high incidence of heart disease in patients with Type 1 diabetes. The worse prognosis was seen in patients with sight-threatening retinopathy and macroalbuminuria and microalbuminuria at baseline. Macroalbuminuria and microalbuminuria were independently associated with a high risk for heart disease and death while the association with sight-threatening retinopathy only occurred in the presence of nephropathy.