Magnetic Properties of Holmium and Thulium Metals

Abstract

The magnetic moments of holmium and thulium metals have been measured in applied fields of 3000-18 000 oersteds, over the temperature range of 4.2-300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Holmium, paramagnetic above 133\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, appears to be antiferromagnetic between 20\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and 133\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, and ferromagnetic below 20\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Thulium was found to be paramagnetic above 51\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and possibly antiferromagnetic below 51\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K.