Covariant projection elements for 3D vector field problems

Abstract

Covariant projection elements for vector finite element problems are discussed. These elements facilitate imposing boundary and interface conditions on tangential components of the vector field. The elements' vector trial function satisfy the inclusion condition, which guarantees that no spurious modes are computed. As a simple computational example, a quarter section of a circular waveguide is modeled.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>