Toward a theory of open and closed groups.

The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations.

Theodore M. Newcomb, Fritz Heider · American Sociological Review · 1958 · 12K citations

Social Sciences, Psychology, Social Psychology +14

The Norm of Reciprocity: A Preliminary Statement

Alvin W. Gouldner · American Sociological Review · 1960 · 11.8K citations

Social Sciences, Philosophy, Social Psychology +7

Field Theory in Social Science

R. L. French, Kurt Lewin, Dorwin Cartwright · The American Journal of Psychology · 1953 · 5.2K citations

Humanities, Sociology, Philosophy Of Science +8

Patterns of Industrial Bureaucracy.

Robert Dubin, Alvin W. Gouldner · American Sociological Review · 1955 · 1.8K citations

Social Sciences, Organizational Behavior, Sociology +12

The Theory of Open Systems in Physics and Biology

Ludwig von Bertalanffy · Science · 1950 · 1.7K citations

Natural Sciences, Physics, Mathematical Physics +7