Catalysis and Reactivation of Ordered Mesoporous Carbon-Supported Gold Nanoparticles for the Base-Free Oxidation of Glucose to Gluconic Acid

Abstract

An ordered mesoporous carbon (CMK-3)-supported gold catalyst was prepared and used in the aerobic oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid under base-free conditions with molecular oxygen. XRD and TEM results revealed that gold nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed on the surface and in the channels of CMK-3. Catalytic tests showed that conversion remarkably increased with decreased selectivity when oxygen pressure and reaction temperature were increased. Glucose conversion to gluconic acid reached over 92% with 85% selectivity under the conditions of 383 K reaction temperature, 0.3 MPa oxygen pressure, and 2 h reaction time. Hydrogen peroxide was generated during reaction, and the relationship between hydrogen peroxide and the byproduct fructose was discussed. Low glucose/Au molar ratio minimized fructose formation. A 92% gluconic acid yield was obtained after reaction for 15 min when the molar ratio of glucose/Au was set to 100. The spent catalyst treated with an aqueous solution of NaOH at 363 K could produce glucose conversion up to 87%, which was close to the result of as-prepared catalyst and excluded the effect of alkaline residues.