Carotid artery calcification and atherosclerosis at the initiation of hemodialysis in patients with end-stage renal disease

Abstract

Both CAAC and CAP were associated with traditional and/or non-traditional risk factors. The risk factors of CAAC were different from those of CAP. CAAC or CAP was identified to be an independent risk factor for each other with a high OR, thus suggesting a strong relationship between carotid calcification and atherosclerosis.