One Octarepeate Expansion to the Human Prion Protein Alters Both the Zn²⁺ and Cu²⁺ Coordination Environments within the Octarepeate Domain

Abstract

The influence of a single octarepeat expansion on the Cu(II) and Zn(II) coordination environments within the octarepeat domain of the human prion protein is examined. Using X-ray absorption spectroscopy and diethyl pyrocarbonate labeling studies, we find that at low copper concentrations the "normal" octarepeat domain (four PHGGGWGQ repeats) coordinates Zn(II) in an (N/O)(6) coordination environment with two histidine residues and Cu(II) in a redox-inactive (N/O)(4) coordination environment using one imidazole residue. Expansion of the octarepeat region by one repeat (five PHGGGWGQ repeats) yields a three-histidine (N/O)(6) coordination environment for Zn(II) and a two-histidine (N/O)(4) coordination environment for Cu(II) at low copper concentrations. This Cu(II)[(N/O)(2)-histidine(2)] coordination motif is redox-active and capable of generating H(2)O(2) under reducing aerobic conditions.