An integrative analysis of phylogenetic relationships among newts of the genus <i>Triturus</i> (family Salamandridae), using comparative biochemistry, cytogenetics and reproductive interactions

Abstract

Abstract All the currently available data with regard to morphology, palaeontology, biochemical genetics, reproductive interactions and behaviour have been collated and analysed with combinations of phenetic and numerical phylogenetic methods, and integrated into a consensus evolutionary tree for European newts of the genus Triturus . A range of cytogenetic data are presented including genome sizes (amount of DNA per haploid chromosome set), Giemsa C‐banded karyotypes for mitotic chromosomes, maps of lampbrush chromosomes and locations of nucleolus organisers (genes for ribosomal RNA). We have examined these data in search of evolutionary trends within the genus. The degree to which cytogenetic data accord with the consensus tree, and the general usefulness of cytogenetic data for the reconstruction of evolutionary history are discussed. A revised scheme for the taxonomy of Triturus is presented in which the genus is subdivided into two subgenera, Triturus and Palaeotriton is suggested. Subgenus Triturus should include all of the large bodied newts belonging to the T. cristatus species group as well as T. alpestris and T. vittatus . All other species are included in subgenus Palaeotriton . The elevation of the former subspecies of T. cristatus to full species status is recommended mainly on the basis of information from studies of mitochrondrial DNA.