Carbonyl-Amplified Catalyst Performance: Balancing Stability against Activity for Five-Coordinate Ruthenium Hydride and Hydridocarbonyl Catalysts

Abstract

The activity of RuHCl(H 2 )(PCy 3 )(L) 2a/b and RuHCl(CO)(PCy 3 )(L) 3a/b ( a: L = PCy 3; b: L = IMes; IMes = 1,3-dimesitylimidazol-2-ylidene) was assessed in hydrogenation of a range of molecular and polymeric olefins and in hydrogenation and isomerization of allylbenzene. Elevated temperatures and/or high H 2 pressures are required for efficient hydrogenation. Under these conditions, 3a/b outperform their dihydrogen analogues in both total productivity and turnover frequencies, despite theoretical and experimental evidence that the π-acid CO ligand should be deactivating. A thermolysis study reveals that the CO complexes are much less susceptible to deactivation under conditions relevant to catalysis (also, the IMes derivative 2b is shorter-lived than 2a ). We attribute the superior performance of 3a/b to their greater stability, which maintains higher concentrations of active catalyst than that possible for their H 2 analogues over the time scale of hydrogenation.