Safe Pedicle Screw Placement in Thoracic Scoliotic Curves Using t-EMG

Abstract

Independent of the screw position, average t-EMG thresholds were always higher at the CV in the apex and above the apex regions, presuming that the distance from the pedicle to the spinal cord plays an important role in electrical transmission. The t-EMG technique has low sensitivity to predict screw malpositioning and cannot discriminate between medial cortex breakages and complete invasion of the spinal canal.