A Whiff of Oxygen Before the Great Oxidation Event?

TLDR

Molybdenum and rhenium were likely delivered to Archean oceans via oxidative weathering of crustal sulfide minerals. Chemostratigraphy of the late Archean Mount McRae Shale shows a primary enrichment of molybdenum and rhenium dated to ~2501 Ma, indicating small amounts of oxygen existed more than 50 million years before the Great Oxidation Event.

Abstract

High-resolution chemostratigraphy reveals an episode of enrichment of the redox-sensitive transition metals molybdenum and rhenium in the late Archean Mount McRae Shale in Western Australia. Correlations with organic carbon indicate that these metals were derived from contemporaneous seawater. Rhenium/osmium geochronology demonstrates that the enrichment is a primary sedimentary feature dating to 2501 +/- 8 million years ago (Ma). Molybdenum and rhenium were probably supplied to Archean oceans by oxidative weathering of crustal sulfide minerals. These findings point to the presence of small amounts of O2 in the environment more than 50 million years before the start of the Great Oxidation Event.