Biological Characteristics of Two Natural Enemies of Thrips, Orius strigicollis (Poppius) and O. laevigatus (Fieber) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae)

Abstract

국내종인 으뜸애꽃노린재와 유럽종인 미끌애꽃노린재의 알, 약충 발육기간과 성충의 산란수, 수명, 포식량 및 포장밀도에서 증가량을 비교하였다. 으뜸애꽃노린재와 미끌애꽃노린재의 <TEX>$15{\sim}30^{\circ}C$</TEX>에서 알 부화율은 각각 <TEX>$46.7{\sim}88.2%$</TEX>와 <TEX>$65.0{\sim}89.9%$</TEX>였고, 알기간은 각각 <TEX>$3.1{\sim}14.9$</TEX>일과 <TEX>$3.1{\sim}13.5$</TEX>일이었다. 두 종의 약충 발육기간은 각각 <TEX>$9.4{\sim}42.8$</TEX>일과 <TEX>$9.3{\sim}42.0$</TEX>일이었고, 약충기간 생존율은 각각 <TEX>$2.4{\sim}96.5%$</TEX>와 <TEX>$4.3{\sim}80.6%$</TEX>였다. 두 종의 산란수는 15, 20, 25, 30, <TEX>$35^{\circ}C$</TEX>에서 각각 28.1, 107.9, 123.6, 127.3, 18.1개와 101.8, 218.6, 224.5, 219.5, 15.7개였고, 성충수명은 각각 63.4, 40.1, 22.1, 18.3, 11.0일과 70.6, 66.4, 32.6, 34.5, 7.3일로 으뜸애꽃노린재에 비해 미끌애꽃노린재의 산란수가 많고 성충수명은 길었다. 으뜸애꽃노린재와 미끌애꽃노린재의 온도와 일장에 의한 산란수는 <TEX>$18^{\circ}C$</TEX>, 16L:8D에서 각각 105.8개와 109.5개였고, 10L:14D에서 각각 1.0개와 63.0개였다. <TEX>$25^{\circ}C$</TEX>, 16L:8D에서 각각 142.4개와 191.5개였고, 10L:14D에서 각각 31.8개와 198.8개로 으뜸애꽃노린재는 <TEX>$18^{\circ}C$</TEX>, 10L:14D에서에 거의 모든 개체가 휴면하지만 미끌에꽃노린재는 휴면하지 않는다, 으뜸애꽃노린재와 미끌애꽃노린재의 꽃노랑총채벌레 2령 하루 포식량은 각각 14.3마리와 10.9마리이다. 겨울작형 시설재배 파프리카에서 으뜸애꽃노린재는 5월 중순부터 증가하기 시작하여 7월 상순에는 꽃당 1.8마리로 증가하였다. 미끌애꽃노린재는 3월 중순부터 증가하여 6월 상순에는 꽃당 6.6마리로 증가하는 과밀도 현상을 보였다. With the comparison of native Orius strigicollis (Poppius) to European O. laevigatus (Fieber), we investigated biological characteristics such as developmental period, fecundity, life span, predation ability, and augmentation after release. Experiments were carried out at five temperature condition, <TEX>$15^{\circ}C\;20^{\circ}C,\;25^{\circ}C\;30^{\circ}C$</TEX>, and <TEX>$35^{\circ}C$</TEX>. In the case of O. strigicollis, egg period was <TEX>$3.1{\sim}14.9$</TEX> days (hatchability: <TEX>$46.7{\sim}88.2%$</TEX>), and developmental period of nymphs was <TEX>$9.4{\sim}42.8$</TEX> days (survival rate: <TEX>$2.4{\sim}96.5%$</TEX>). Fecundity at each temperature was 28.1, 107.9, 123.6, 127.3, and 18.1, respectively. Life span of adults was 63.4, 40.1, 22.1, 18.3, and 11.0 days, respectively. In the case of O. laevigatus, egg period was <TEX>$3.1{\sim}13.5$</TEX> days (hatchability: <TEX>$65.0{\sim}89.9%$</TEX>), and developmental period of nymphs was <TEX>$9.3{\sim}42.0$</TEX> (survival rate: <TEX>$4.3{\sim}80.6%$</TEX>) days. Fecundity at each temperature was 101.8, 218.6, 224.5, 219.5, and 15.7. Life span of adults was 70.6, 66.4, 32.6, 34.5, and 7.3 days, respectively. In long-day condition (16L:8D), fecundity of O. strigicollis and O. laevigatus was 105.8 <TEX>$(18^{\circ}C){\sim}142.4(25^{\circ}C)$</TEX> and 109.5 <TEX>$(18^{\circ}C){\sim}191.5(25^{\circ}C)$</TEX>, respectively. In short-day condition (10L:14D), fecundity of them was 1.0 <TEX>$(18^{\circ}C){\sim}31.8(25^{\circ}C)$</TEX> and 63.0 <TEX>$(18^{\circ}C){\sim}198.8(25^{\circ}C)$</TEX>, respectively. Daily prey consumption of second instar Frankliniella occidentalis was 14.3 and 10.9, respectively. In greenhouse, density of O. strigicollis begins to increase from mid May and peaked about early July (1.8 individual/flower), while that of O. laevigatus begins to increase from mid March and peaked about early June (6.6 individual/flower).