2012 · 208 citations · 18 references
ComputingComputer ScienceArtificial IntelligenceMachine LearningNatural Language ProcessingDeep LearningLetter RecognitionNeural NetworksPattern RecognitionRepresentation LearningTransfer LearningChinese Character RecognitionChinese CharactersHandwritten Character RecognitionNeural Network-based RecognitionTransferable Representation LearningTransferable RepresentationsUppercase Letter RecognitionUppercase Letters
We analyze transfer learning with Deep Neural Networks (DNN) on various character recognition tasks. DNN trained on digits are perfectly capable of recognizing uppercase letters with minimal retraining. They are on par with DNN fully trained on uppercase letters, but train much faster. DNN trained on Chinese characters easily recognize uppercase Latin letters. Learning Chinese characters is accelerated by first pretraining a DNN on a small subset of all classes and then continuing to train on all classes. Furthermore, pretrained nets consistently outperform randomly initialized nets on new tasks with few labeled data.
18
Gradient-based learning applied to document recognition
Yann LeCun, Léon Bottou, Yoshua Bengio et al. · Proceedings of the IEEE · 1998 · 58.2K citations · Full text
A Fast Learning Algorithm for Deep Belief Nets
Geoffrey E. Hinton, Simon Osindero, Yee‐Whye Teh · Neural Computation · 2006 · 16.4K citations
Rich Caruana · Machine Learning · 1997 · 6.3K citations · Full text
Hierarchical models of object recognition in cortex
Maximilian Riesenhuber, Tomaso Poggio · Nature Neuroscience · 1999 · 3.4K citations