Guidelines for Performing a Comprehensive Transesophageal Echocardiographic Examination

Abstract

TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 921 General Guidelines 922 Training and Certification 922 Indications for TEE 923 Management of Patient Sedation 927 Sedation and Anesthesia 929 Probe Insertion Techniques 930 Instrument Controls 930 Instrument Manipulation 931 Comprehensive Imaging Examination 932 ME Views 932 TG Views 939 Aorta Views 941 Transesophageal 3D Examination Protocol 942 Specific Structural Imaging 942 MV 942 AV and Aorta 945 PV 949 TV 950 Assessment of Ventricular Size and Function 951 LA and Pulmonary Veins 953 Right Atrium and Venous Connections 954 ACHD: TEE Imaging Algorithm 957 Conclusions 959 References 959 INTRODUCTION Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is a critically important cardiovascular imaging modality. 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