Regional Pre- and Postsynaptic Sympathetic System in the Failing Human Heart — Regulation of βARK-1

Abstract

Regional beta ARK-1 levels rather than beta-adrenergic receptor density were correlated with presynaptic alterations in cardiomyopathic human left ventricles. It can be assumed that in the cardiomyopathic human heart, regional beta-adrenergic desensitization might be determined by differences in local beta ARK levels rather than by changes in beta-receptor density.