The Role of Chronic Alcohol Abuse in the Development of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Adults

TLDR

The study aimed to assess whether chronic alcohol abuse increases the incidence of ARDS and in‑hospital mortality among critically ill adults. A prospective cohort of 351 ICU patients with at‑risk diagnoses was followed to compare ARDS development and mortality between those with and without a history of alcohol abuse. Patients with chronic alcohol abuse had nearly twice the risk of ARDS (43 % vs 22 %, RR 1.98) and higher in‑hospital mortality, especially among ARDS patients (65 % vs 36 %); alcohol abuse also increased ARDS risk in sepsis (52 % vs 20 %, RR 2.59).

Abstract

To determine the effect of a history of chronic alcohol abuse on the incidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and in-hospital mortality.Prospective cohort study.A total of 351 medical and surgical intensive care unit patients with one of seven at-risk diagnoses for the development of ARDS.The development of ARDS and in-hospital mortality.Of the 351 patients enrolled in the study, the incidence of ARDS in patients with a history of alcohol abuse was significantly higher than in patients without a history of alcohol abuse (43% vs 22%) (P < .001; relative risk [RR], 1.98; 95% confidence interval [Cl], 1.32 to 2.85). In patients with sepsis, ARDS developed in 52% of the patients with a prior history of alcohol abuse compared with only 20% in patients without a history of alcohol abuse (P < .001; RR, 2.59; 95% Cl, 1.29 to 5.12). Fifty-one percent (52/102) of the patients who developed ARDS died compared with only 14% (36/249) of patients who did not develop ARDS (P < .001). In the subset of patients who developed ARDS, the in-hospital mortality rate was 65% in patients with a prior history of alcohol abuse. This mortality rate was significantly higher (P = .003) than the mortality rate in patients without a history of alcohol abuse (36%).A prior history of chronic alcohol abuse significantly increases the risk of developing ARDS in critically ill patients with an identified at-risk diagnosis. Our results may be useful in the earlier and more accurate identification of patients at high risk for developing ARDS.