The optimal locomotion on gradients: walking, running or cycling?

Energy cost of running

R Margaria, P. Cerretelli, P. Aghemo et al. · Journal of Applied Physiology · 1963 · 656 citations

Energy Cost, Gait Analysis, Physical Activity +25

The physiological cost of negative work

B. C. Abbott, Brenda Bigland, J. M. Ritchie · The Journal of Physiology · 1952 · 632 citations · Full text

Productivity, Cost Issue, Health Economics +5

Energy cost of walking and running at extreme uphill and downhill slopes

Alberto E. Minetti, Christian Moia, Giulio Sergio Roi et al. · Journal of Applied Physiology · 2002 · 590 citations · Full text

Mechanical Determinants of the Minimum Energy Cost of Gradient Running in Humans

Alberto E. Minetti, Luca Paolo Ardigò, F. Saibene · Journal of Experimental Biology · 1994 · 217 citations

WORK AGAINST GRAVITY AND WORK DUE TO VELOCITY CHANGES IN RUNNING

Wallace O. Fenn · American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content · 1930 · 200 citations

Physical Activity, Kinesiology, Physical Fitness +5