Natural fluid-deposited graphite; mineralogical characteristics and mechanisms of formation

Abstract

This paper focuses on the similarities and differences between metamorphic
\ngraphite (formed in situ from organic matter) and fluid-deposited graphite.
\nWe discuss the formation of fluid-deposited graphite in terms of the source of
\ncarbon, the characteristics of the C-bearing fluids (the C-O-H system), the mechanisms
\nof carbon mobilization, and the mechanisms of carbon precipitation. New
\nand existing analytical data are compiled on the physical and chemical characteristics
\nof fluid-deposited graphite olitained by the following techniques: optical
\nmicroscopy, differential ilierrilal analysis, thermogravimetry, X-ray diffraction, Raman
\nspectroscopy, and stable isotope mass spectrometry. Our discussions focus
\non major, that is, volumetrically significant, worldwide concentrations of graphite