Synthesis and Characterization of Bismuth Titanate by an Aqueous Sol–Gel Method

Abstract

A highly stable, reproducible and water‐based bismuth titanate (BTO) sol system has been synthesized by an aqueous sol–gel method. First bismuth nitrate was dissolved in acetic acid, and then it was mixed with a solution of lactic acid dissolved tetra‐ n ‐butyl titanate, subsequently, water was added to adjust sol concentration. As‐obtained sols or gels were characterized by Ultraviolet–Visible Spectrophotometer, derivative differential thermal analysis‐differential thermal analysis–thermal gravimetry, in situ Raman, and high‐temperature X‐ray diffraction. Results show that the BTO sol can remain stable for more than 1 year and BTO can start to crystallize at about 450°C.