Kidney Injury Molecule-1 and <i>N</i> -Acetyl-ß-d-Glucosaminidase in Chronic Heart Failure: Possible Biomarkers of Cardiorenal Syndrome

Abstract

Kidney injury molecule-1 and NAG are elevated in symptomatic heart failure. This finding may be present in patients with apparently normal kidney function and indicates tubular injury in chronic heart failure. Kidney injury molecule-1 and NAG are potential markers of CRS with additional prognostic value.